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Over time, every bicycle will encounter some issues, making regular maintenance essential. Bicycle maintenance can generally be divided into four stages:
1. Regular Use
2. Short-Term (Weekly or Bi-weekly) Maintenance
3. Mid-Term (Monthly or Bi-monthly) Maintenance
4. Long-Term (Semi-annual or Annual) Maintenance
Below is a detailed guide to maintaining your bicycle during each of these stages.
1. Regular Use
Although regular riding doesn’t seem directly related to maintenance, it’s actually the most fundamental aspect of keeping your bike in good condition. Before each ride, it’s crucial to check the bike’s condition. This simple routine is often overlooked, but can prevent major issues:
1. Check the Saddle Height : If you’re using a bike that’s not your own, adjust the saddle to a comfortable height before riding.
2. Check the Tightness of Screws : Ensure that the quick releases on the wheels and seat post are securely fastened. Also, check other screws to make sure they haven’t come loose.
3. Check the Tires : Verify that the tire pressure is sufficient. Inflate the tires to the appropriate pressure if necessary. Inspect the tire walls for cracks and check if the tread is worn down—replace the tires if needed.
4. Check the Headset : Engage the front brake and rock the bike back and forth. If you feel any play, the headset needs adjustment.
5. Check the Derailleurs : After starting your ride, test the front and rear derailleurs to ensure smooth shifting and listen for any unusual noises.
6. Check the Brakes : Squeeze both the front and rear brakes to ensure they stop the bike effectively.
2. Short-Term (Weekly or Bi-weekly) Maintenance
Short-term maintenance should be performed frequently. This maintenance is relatively simple and keeps your bike in good working order:
1. Clean the Bike : Regular cleaning not only keeps your bike looking good but also prevents rust. If you’ve ridden in the rain or mud, clean your bike as soon as possible.
- If the bike is only dusty or slightly dirty, a cloth or soft brush will do the trick.
- Avoid using high-pressure water, as it can force water into the bearings, leading to damage.
- For more stubborn dirt, use a brush and soapy water, then rinse with clean water and dry with a cloth.
2. Check the Brake Pads : Remove debris from the brake pads to ensure effective braking. If the pads are severely worn, replace them with new ones.
3. Lubricate the Cables : If braking or shifting is sluggish, remove the cable housings and apply grease to the cables. If performance doesn’t improve, consider replacing the cables and housings.
4. Lubricate the Chain : Apply lubricant to the chain, wait about ten minutes, and then wipe off the excess oil from the outside of the chain. The goal is to lubricate the moving parts of the chain while keeping the outside clean to prevent dust accumulation.
- If you use spray lubricant, make sure to wipe off any excess oil that may have dripped onto other parts of the bike.
3. Mid-Term (Monthly or Bi-monthly) Maintenance
1. Check the Chain : Over time, the chain will stretch. Measure 24 links of the chain; it should measure exactly 12 inches. If the length exceeds this by 1/8 inch, it’s time to replace the chain.
2. Clean the Chain : If the chain has accumulated a lot of grime, clean it using a chain cleaner or by removing the chain and soaking it in a solvent. Shake the container to remove dirt, then dry the chain and apply lubricant.
3. Check the Cassette and Chainrings : If the chain skips on the cassette after replacing the chain, you may need to replace the cassette. If the chainrings are heavily worn and causing chain issues, replace them as well. Ensure that all chainring bolts are properly tightened.
4. Check the Rims : Inspect the rim near the valve holes and spoke holes for cracks. If you find any, replace the rim. Spin the wheels and check for brake rub, which indicates the need for rim truing.
5. Check the Spokes : Inspect the spokes for any that may have broken. If you find broken spokes, replace them and re-true the wheel. Adjust the tension by loosening the spokes on the side to which the rim is bent and tightening the opposite side. The rim should have a lateral deviation of less than 2 millimeters.
6. Check the Handlebars : Inspect the handlebars for any signs of deformation from accidents or cracks near the stem. Replace the handlebars if necessary.
7. Check the Saddle and Seatpost : Remove the seatpost and check for any deformation or cracks. If it’s in good condition, apply a thin layer of grease before re-installing it. Check the saddle for any damage and the integrity of the support rails. Replace if needed.
4. Long-Term (Semi-annual or Annual) Maintenance
After many months of use, your bike has likely endured a variety of conditions. Now is the time for a thorough inspection of all moving parts:
1. Check the Hubs : Remove the wheels and inspect the hub near the spoke holes for cracks. If you find any, replace the hub. Spin the hub axle and check for play; if it feels loose or you notice any play, disassemble the hub, clean out the old grease, and repack it with fresh grease. Adjust the bearings so the axle spins smoothly without any play.
2. Check the Bottom Bracket : Remove the chain and rock the crank arms side to side. If there’s any play, tighten the bottom bracket bolts. If it still moves, adjust the bearings. Listen for a smooth, "whooshing" sound when spinning the cranks. If you hear grinding or other unusual noises, replace the bottom bracket.
3. Check the Pedals : Remove the pedals using a 15mm wrench (remember that the left pedal has a reverse thread). While pedal bearings don’t usually need adjustment, inspect them for wear. If you use clipless pedals, ensure the mechanism operates smoothly and lubricate as needed.
4. Check the Derailleurs : Inspect all moving parts of the derailleurs for excessive wear. If there’s significant play, it’s time to replace them. Otherwise, lubricate the moving parts.
5. Suspension Maintenance : For oil-sprung suspension forks, disassemble and replace the suspension oil. If the fork uses elastomers, check for cracks or deformation and replace them if needed. Suspension maintenance should be performed by a professional, preferably at the shop where you purchased the bike.
6. Check the Frame : Inspect the paintwork for any signs of rust, especially if the frame is steel. If the frame has rusted through, replace it. Also, check for any deformation due to impacts—if found, replace the frame.
7. Replace All Cables and Housings : After long-term use, cables and housings wear out, so it’s recommended to replace them to maintain optimal performance.
By regularly maintaining your bicycle, you can ensure it stays in top condition, extending its lifespan and keeping your rides safe and enjoyable.
